A qualitative energy-based unified representation for buildings

This paper presents the development of energy-based unified representations for buildings called Archi Bond Graphs and then specialises them as qualitative Archi Bond Graphs that combine graphical representations and qualitative equations. They can be applied to simulations of people behaviour and people-energy behaviour in space-people systems, building energy flows and building energy variations in different building energy systems, and energy interactions between these building subsystems. The applicability of qualitative Archi Bond Graphs is demonstrated through a building simulation for the dynamic energy interactions between the space-people system and building energy systems, including lighting and hydraulic systems, in a town-house design.